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IP协议为网络层传输协议,数据包经过网络层时,IP协议会添加IP数据包。
子网掩码的前面不间断的1为网络位。
ip : 192.168.1.70 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000110子网掩码 : 255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 # 前25位为网络位网络地址 : 192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 广播地址 : 192.168.1.127 11000000.10101000.00000001.01111111
注:一块网卡可以同时配置多个IP。
centos 7 默认使用命令:nmtui
当然也可以使用yum -y install setuptool
具体操作不做演示,根据提示操作即可,与windows用户界面操作类似。
注:设置IP后需要重启网络服务:systemctl restart network
注:配置文件修改后需要重启网络服务:systemctl restart network
[root@localhost dbback]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160TYPE="Ethernet" # 类型为以太网PROXY_METHOD="none" BROWSER_ONLY="no"BOOTPROTO="none" # 是否自动获取IP (none、static、dhcp)DEFROUTE="yes" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy" # IPv6地址生成方式NAME="ens160" # 网卡名称UUID="c9f4f7af-8860-4a32-8b28-c0a1218b8e1a" # 唯一标识码DEVICE="ens160" # 设备名称ONBOOT="yes" # 是否随网络服务启动生效IPADDR=192.168.21.156 # IP地址PREFIX="24" GATEWAY=192.168.21.1 # 网关地址DNS1="202.106.0.20" # DNS 服务器地址IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
注:centos 7中主机名文件位置:/etc/hostname
可以把主机名从localhost改为其他名称,改变后需要重启机器生效
临时改主机名命令:hostname xxx(新主机名)
[root@localhost dbback]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManagernameserver 202.106.0.20
[root@localhost dbback]# ifconfigdocker0: flags=4163mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 inet6 fe80::42:29ff:fe71:58e3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 02:42:29:71:58:e3 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 237794 bytes 48535393 (46.2 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 217569 bytes 32158546 (30.6 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens160: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.21.156 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.21.255 ether 00:50:56:b3:1e:8e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 5145692 bytes 1155715269 (1.0 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 7027 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1269148 bytes 218993590 (208.8 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ifdown 网卡设备名 # 禁用网卡设备ifup 网卡设备名 # 启用网卡设备
netstat [选项]
# tcp6为IPv6监听协议,能兼容IPv4[root@localhost dbback]# netstat -tlunpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1962/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5269/python3 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22095/python tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/etcd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/etcd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8081 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3724/nginx: worker tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14518/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::8888 :::* LISTEN 18597/docker-proxy- tcp6 0 0 :::9080 :::* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1962/master tcp6 0 0 :::222 :::* LISTEN 18625/docker-proxy- tcp6 0 0 :::1443 :::* LISTEN 18611/docker-proxy- tcp6 0 0 :::9443 :::* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 19096/docker-proxy- tcp6 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 19678/docker-proxy- tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 14518/sshd udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 1298/chronyd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 1298/chronyd [root@localhost dbback]# netstat -anpActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1962/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2242/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5269/python3 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22095/python tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/etcd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/etcd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8081 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3724/nginx: worker tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14518/sshd tcp 0 0 192.168.21.156:22 192.168.0.1:41032 ESTABLISHED 31127/sshd: root@pt tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:46668 127.0.0.1:2379 ESTABLISHED 2250/nginx: worker tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:46666 127.0.0.1:2379 ESTABLISHED 2247/nginx: worker tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:46642 127.0.0.1:2379 ESTABLISHED 2246/nginx: worker
可以查看网关信息
[root@localhost dbback]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface0.0.0.0 192.168.21.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens160172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0192.168.21.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens160
nslookup [主机名或IP]
ping -c 次数 ip或域名
telnet [域名或IP] [端口]
[root@localhost dbback]# telnet 127.0.0.1 8081Trying 127.0.0.1...Connected to 127.0.0.1.Escape character is '^]'.^]telnet> quitConnection closed.
traceroute [选项] IP或域名
# * * * 代表路由节点禁止ping命令,traceroute命令并未成功。 [root@localhost dbback]# traceroute -n www.baidu.comtraceroute to www.baidu.com (110.242.68.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.21.2 1.490 ms 1.549 ms 1.653 ms 2 192.168.0.1 0.392 ms 0.386 ms 0.371 ms 3 111.204.156.9 4.978 ms 3.158 ms 6.865 ms 4 124.65.239.49 1.754 ms 2.601 ms 1.740 ms 5 123.126.7.225 2.536 ms 2.523 ms 2.501 ms 6 202.96.12.177 5.650 ms * * 7 * * * 8 110.242.66.182 8.737 ms 8.486 ms 110.242.66.170 8.339 ms 9 * 221.194.45.130 8.049 ms *10 * * *11 * * *12 * * *13 * * *
wget 网络文件名
如:wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
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